T20 Blast 2023

T20 Blast 2023

Information

Authors:

Jack, Mack, Jill,

Facts

Country:

England, Wales,

Format:

Twenty20,

First Tournament: 2003

Tournament Winner: Somerset (2nd Title)

How Many Runs: 27315 (JM Vince (HANTS) - 670 runs, DJ Bell-Drummond (KENT), - 600 runs, WL Madsen (DERBS) - 580 runs)

How Many Wickets: 1209 ( MJ Henry (SOM) - 31 wickets, BGF Green (SOM) - 30 wickets, ZJ Chappell (DERBS) - 26 wickets)

The cricketing landscape of England and Wales was once again enhanced by the appearance of the T20 Blast tournament, which, in its 2023 edition, showcased a mixture of indelible occurrences, proficient performances, and a demonstration of cricket in its condensed and electrifying form. The 2023 season, referred to as the Vitality Blast in acknowledgment of its sponsorship, commenced on May 20th and concluded on July 15th, transpiring across various picturesque venues throughout the regions. In the esteemed tournament, the ambiance resounded with the spirit of competition and camaraderie as teams engaged in intense clashes to establish their dominance.

The inaugural day was characterized by a pair of matches played consecutively, which established the overall atmosphere for the intense and energetic competition that ensued. This event imbued the summer days with displays of physical prowess, tactical acumen, and an unwavering dedication to achieving success. The T20 Blast has emerged as a prominent forum for teams to demonstrate their proficiency, while concurrently establishing itself as a cherished cricketing tradition that captivates the entire nation with its compelling narrative characterized by fervor, rivalries, and the embodiment of sportsmanship. As the tournament advanced, venues such as Edgbaston emerged as the central locations for cricketing pursuits, observing and experiencing the fluctuations in luck that ultimately resulted in Somerset attaining their initial T20 Blast championship since 2005. The unfolding events spanning a period of almost two months served as a testament to the dynamic cricketing culture present in England and Wales. The T20 Blast 2023 constituted a significant chapter that contributed to the expansive and storied tapestry of this enduring sporting tradition.

T20 Blast 2023 Venue

The 2023 Vitality Blast, England and Wales’s flagship Twenty20 cricket event, is held across diverse venues recognised for their historic and gift significance to cricket. These venues, spread across England and Wales, offer a vibrant and sundry backdrop to the exciting fits of the T20 competition.

Venue Location
Edgbaston Birmingham
County Ground Northampton
St Lawrence Ground Canterbury
The Cooper Associates County Ground Taunton
Lord’s London
Emirates Old Trafford Manchester
New Road Worcester
Kennington Oval London
County Ground Bristol
Trent Bridge Nottingham
Grace Road Leicester
The Rose Bowl Southampton
County Ground Hove
Headingley Leeds
Merchant Taylors’ School Ground Northwood
County Ground Derby
Riverside Ground Chester-le-Street
County Ground Chelmsford
Radlett Cricket Club Radlett
Stanley Park Blackpool
Queen’s Park Chesterfield
Sophia Gardens Cardiff

T20 Blast 2023 Team List

North Group South Group
Birmingham Bears Essex Eagles
Derbyshire Falcons Glamorgan
Durham Gloucestershire
Lancashire Lightning Hampshire Hawks
Leicestershire Foxes Kent Spitfires
Northants Steelbacks Middlesex
Notts Outlaws Somerset
Worcestershire Rapids Surrey
Yorkshire Vikings Sussex Sharks

The squads designated for the T20 Blast 2023 have been categorically organized into Northern and Southern divisions, encompassing a cumulative count of 18 teams partaking in the tournament. The North Group is comprised of the following teams: Birmingham Bears, Derbyshire Falcons, Durham, Lancashire Lightning, Leicestershire Foxes, Northamptonshire Steelbacks, Nottinghamshire Outlaws, Worcestershire Rapids, and Yorkshire Vikings. Contrarily, the South Group encompasses a collection of teams, namely Essex Eagles, Glamorgan, Gloucestershire, Hampshire Hawks, Kent Spitfires, Middlesex, Somerset, Surrey, and Sussex Sharks.

The competition is organized in a manner that entails each team participating in a total of 14 league matches, equally divided between seven home matches and seven away matches, taking place from May 20 to July 2. The semi-finals of the competition will be contested by the leading quartet from each group, ultimately culminating in the grand finale held on the 15th of July at Edgbaston. The respective squads of each team exhibit a diverse amalgamation of experienced and up-and-coming individuals, wherein certain teams are enriched by the presence of players from various nations.

The composition of the squads is carefully curated, showcasing a synergy between strategic acuity and a focus on cultivating talented cricketers. The esteemed domestic tournament boasts the participation of renowned international cricketers such as Moeen Ali, Ben Stokes, and Jofra Archer, who contribute their considerable experience and exceptional skills. The inclusion of these participants not only enhances the prestige of the competition, but also offers valuable learning opportunities for emerging cricketers, thus contributing to the overall excellence and appeal of the T20 Blast 2023.

T20 Blast 2023 Score and Results

Group Stages

Date Match Details Venue Result Time
May 20 Derbyshire vs Lancashire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Lancashire won by 4 wkts 7:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Yorkshire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Warwickshire won by 34 runs 11:30 PM
May 24 Worcestershire vs Northamptonshire, North Group County Ground, Northampton Worcestershire won by 15 runs 11:30 PM
Gloucestershire vs Kent, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury Kent won by 7 wkts 11:30 PM
Hampshire vs Somerset, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton Somerset won by 8 wkts 12:00 AM (May 25)
May 25 Leicestershire vs Lancashire, North Group Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester Lancashire won by 8 wkts 5:30 PM
Surrey vs Middlesex, South Group Lord’s, London Surrey won by 73 runs 11:15 PM
May 26 Yorkshire vs Worcestershire, North Group New Road, Worcester Worcestershire won by 2 wkts 10:30 PM
Leicestershire vs Warwickshire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Warwickshire won by 5 wkts 11:30 PM
Derbyshire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham Nottinghamshire won by 4 wkts 11:30 PM
Gloucestershire vs Glamorgan, South Group County Ground, Bristol Glamorgan won by 2 wkts 11:30 PM
Northamptonshire vs Durham, North Group County Ground, Northampton Durham won by 10 wkts 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Kent, South Group Kennington Oval, London Surrey won by 41 runs 11:30 PM
Middlesex vs Hampshire, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton Hampshire won by 8 wkts 12:00 AM (May 27)
Sussex vs Somerset, South Group County Ground, Hove Somerset won by 5 wkts 12:00 AM (May 27)
May 27 Lancashire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester Lancashire won by 22 runs 11:30 PM
May 28 Durham vs Yorkshire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Durham won by 28 runs 4:30 PM
Surrey vs Sussex, South Group Kennington Oval, London Sussex won by 5 wkts 7:30 PM
Glamorgan vs Somerset, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton Somerset won by 4 wkts 11:30 PM
May 29 Lancashire vs Warwickshire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Warwickshire won by 7 wkts 7:30 PM
Worcestershire vs Leicestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Worcestershire won by 33 runs 7:30 PM
Gloucestershire vs Middlesex, South Group Merchant Taylors’ School Ground, Northwood Gloucestershire won by 2 runs 7:30 PM
Derbyshire vs Northamptonshire, North Group County Ground, Derby Northamptonshire won by 6 wkts 8:00 PM
Durham vs Nottinghamshire, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street Nottinghamshire won by 5 wkts 11:30 PM
May 30 Gloucestershire vs Essex, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford Essex won by 3 wkts 11:00 PM
Somerset vs Kent, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury Somerset won by 13 runs (DLS method) 11:30 PM
Yorkshire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham Yorkshire won by 8 runs 11:30 PM
May 31 Glamorgan vs Middlesex, South Group Merchant Taylors’ School Ground, Northwood Glamorgan won by 29 runs 9:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Northamptonshire, North Group County Ground, Northampton Warwickshire won by 21 runs 11:30 PM
Hampshire vs Surrey, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton Surrey won by 6 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 01)
Jun 01 Derbyshire vs Leicestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Derbyshire won by 2 runs 11:30 PM
Yorkshire vs Lancashire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Yorkshire won by 15 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 02)
Essex vs Sussex, South Group County Ground, Hove Essex won by 25 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 02)
Jun 02 Lancashire vs Durham, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street Durham won by 6 wkts 11:30 PM
Kent vs Glamorgan, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Glamorgan won by 7 wkts 11:30 PM
Middlesex vs Somerset, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton Somerset won by 9 wkts 11:30 PM
Leicestershire vs Northamptonshire, North Group County Ground, Northampton Northamptonshire won by 8 wkts 11:30 PM
Worcestershire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham Worcestershire won by 56 runs 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Gloucestershire, South Group County Ground, Bristol Gloucestershire won by 2 wkts 11:45 PM
Derbyshire vs Warwickshire, North Group County Ground, Derby Derbyshire won by 17 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 03)
Hampshire vs Essex, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford Hampshire won by 118 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 03)
Jun 03 Nottinghamshire vs Warwickshire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Nottinghamshire won by 11 runs 11:30 PM
Sussex vs Hampshire, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton Hampshire won by 10 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 04)
Jun 04 Derbyshire vs Yorkshire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Yorkshire won by 7 wkts 4:30 PM
Kent vs Surrey, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury Surrey won by 5 wkts 7:30 PM
Middlesex vs Gloucestershire, South Group County Ground, Bristol Gloucestershire won by 7 wkts 7:30 PM
Somerset vs Essex, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton Somerset won by 11 runs 7:30 PM
Glamorgan vs Sussex, South Group County Ground, Hove Glamorgan won by 32 runs 7:30 PM
Durham vs Leicestershire, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street Leicestershire won by 7 wkts 7:30 PM
Worcestershire vs Northamptonshire, North Group New Road, Worcester Northamptonshire won by 6 wkts 7:30 PM
Lancashire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham Nottinghamshire won by 5 wkts 8:00 PM
Jun 06 Hampshire vs Middlesex, South Group Radlett Cricket Club, Radlett Hampshire won by 5 runs 9:30 PM
Yorkshire vs Leicestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Yorkshire won by 30 runs 11:30 PM
Northamptonshire vs Durham, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street Durham won by 4 wkts 11:30 PM
Sussex vs Essex, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford Essex won by 5 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 07)
Jun 07 Worcestershire vs Lancashire, North Group Stanley Park, Blackpool Lancashire won by 4 wkts 10:00 PM
Kent vs Essex, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury Essex won by 4 wkts 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Glamorgan, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Surrey won by 65 runs 11:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Derbyshire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Derbyshire won by 6 wkts 11:30 PM
Hampshire vs Somerset, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton Hampshire won by 5 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 08)
Jun 08 Sussex vs Middlesex, South Group Lord’s, London Sussex won by 4 runs 11:15 PM
Nottinghamshire vs Durham, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham Nottinghamshire won by 26 runs 11:30 PM
Jun 09 Derbyshire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group County Ground, Derby Nottinghamshire won by 3 wkts 11:30 PM
Essex vs Glamorgan, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Essex won by 51 runs 11:30 PM
Yorkshire vs Worcestershire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Yorkshire won by 26 runs 11:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Northamptonshire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Warwickshire won by 30 runs 11:30 PM
Durham vs Leicestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Leicestershire won by 6 wkts 11:30 PM
Hampshire vs Kent, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury Kent won by 6 wkts 11:30 PM
Somerset vs Gloucestershire, South Group County Ground, Bristol Somerset won by 80 runs 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Sussex, South Group County Ground, Hove Surrey won by 124 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 10)
Jun 16 Warwickshire vs Worcestershire, North Group New Road, Worcester Warwickshire won by 21 runs 10:30 PM
Kent vs Middlesex, South Group Lord’s, London Kent won by 13 runs 11:15 PM
Lancashire vs Northamptonshire, North Group County Ground, Northampton Lancashire won by 35 runs 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Somerset, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton Surrey won by 28 runs 11:30 PM
Durham vs Derbyshire, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street Match tied 11:30 PM
Leicestershire vs Yorkshire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Yorkshire won by 8 wkts 11:30 PM
Sussex vs Hampshire, South Group County Ground, Hove Sussex won by 6 runs 12:00 AM (Jun 17)
Glamorgan vs Essex, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford Essex won by 4 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 17)
Jun 17 Gloucestershire vs Kent, South Group County Ground, Bristol Kent won by 7 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 18)
Jun 18 Leicestershire vs Worcestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Worcestershire won by 6 wkts 7:30 PM
Northamptonshire vs Nottinghamshire, North Group County Ground, Northampton Northamptonshire won by 78 runs 7:30 PM
Glamorgan vs Gloucestershire, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Glamorgan won by 32 runs 7:30 PM
Essex vs Middlesex, South Group Lord’s, London Essex won by 22 runs (DLS method) 7:30 PM
Surrey vs Hampshire, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton Hampshire won by 9 wkts 7:30 PM
Lancashire vs Durham, North Group Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester Lancashire won by 7 runs (DLS method) 7:30 PM
Derbyshire vs Yorkshire, North Group Queen’s Park, Chesterfield Derbyshire won by 144 runs 7:30 PM
Jun 19 Essex vs Somerset, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford Somerset won by 7 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 20)
Jun 20 Lancashire vs Worcestershire, North Group New Road, Worcester Worcestershire won by 7 wkts 10:30 PM
Durham vs Warwickshire, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street Warwickshire won by 2 wkts 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Glamorgan, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Surrey won by 81 runs 11:30 PM
Northamptonshire vs Yorkshire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Northamptonshire won by 78 runs 11:30 PM
Nottinghamshire vs Leicestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Nottinghamshire won by 22 runs 11:30 PM
Hampshire vs Gloucestershire, South Group County Ground, Bristol Gloucestershire won by 8 wkts - 2nd innings reduced to 9 overs due to rain, target 84 11:30 PM
Sussex vs Kent, South Group County Ground, Hove Kent won by 6 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 21)
Jun 21 Glamorgan vs Somerset, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Somerset won by 8 wkts 11:30 PM
Northamptonshire vs Derbyshire, North Group County Ground, Northampton Derbyshire won by 6 wkts 11:30 PM
Jun 22 Nottinghamshire vs Worcestershire, North Group New Road, Worcester Worcestershire won by 5 wkts 10:30 PM
Gloucestershire vs Sussex, South Group County Ground, Bristol Sussex won by 7 wkts 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Middlesex, South Group Kennington Oval, London Middlesex won by 7 wkts 11:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Yorkshire, North Group Headingley, Leeds Warwickshire won by 4 runs 11:30 PM
Essex vs Kent, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford Kent won by 7 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 23)
Jun 23 Lancashire vs Derbyshire, North Group Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester Lancashire won by 27 runs 11:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Worcestershire, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham Warwickshire won by 53 runs 11:30 PM
Northamptonshire vs Leicestershire, North Group Grace Road, Leicester Northamptonshire won by 92 runs 11:30 PM
Kent vs Middlesex, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury Kent won by 55 runs 11:30 PM
Gloucestershire vs Somerset, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton Somerset won by 4 wkts 11:30 PM
Sussex vs Glamorgan, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Sussex won by 20 runs 11:30 PM
Yorkshire vs Durham, North Group Riverside Ground, Chester-le-Street No result 11:30 PM
Essex vs Hampshire, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton Hampshire won by 4 wkts 12:00 AM (Jun 24)
Jun 30 Worcestershire vs Durham, North Group New Road, Worcester 10:30 PM
Kent vs Sussex, South Group St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury 11:30 PM
Surrey vs Somerset, South Group Kennington Oval, London 11:30 PM
Nottinghamshire vs Warwickshire, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham 11:30 PM
Derbyshire vs Leicestershire, North Group County Ground, Derby 12:00 AM (Jul 01)
Essex vs Middlesex, South Group County Ground, Chelmsford 12:00 AM (Jul 01)
Lancashire vs Yorkshire, North Group Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester 12:00 AM (Jul 01)
Hampshire vs Glamorgan, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton 12:00 AM (Jul 01)
Jul 01 Sussex vs Gloucestershire, South Group County Ground, Hove 7:30 PM
Jul 02 Nottinghamshire vs Leicestershire, North Group Trent Bridge, Nottingham 7:30 PM
Derbyshire vs Worcestershire, North Group County Ground, Derby 7:30 PM
Glamorgan vs Middlesex, South Group Sophia Gardens, Cardiff 7:30 PM
Surrey vs Essex, South Group Kennington Oval, London 7:30 PM
Lancashire vs Northamptonshire, North Group Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester 7:30 PM
Warwickshire vs Durham, North Group Edgbaston, Birmingham 7:30 PM
Hampshire vs Gloucestershire, South Group The Rose Bowl, Southampton 7:30 PM
Somerset vs Kent, South Group The Cooper Associates County Ground, Taunton 11:30 PM

Final Stage

Date Match Details Venue Result Time
6 July 2023 Birmingham Bears vs Essex Eagles Edgbaston, Birmingham Essex Eagles won by 2 wickets 18:30
7 July 2023 Surrey vs Lancashire Lightning Old Trafford, Manchester Surrey won by 13 runs 18:30
7 July 2023 Notts Outlaws vs Somerset County Ground, Taunton Somerset won by 5 wickets 18:30
7 July 2023 Worcestershire Rapids vs Hampshire Hawks Rose Bowl, Southampton Hampshire Hawks won by 5 wickets 19:00
15 July 2023 Hampshire Hawks vs Essex Eagles Edgbaston, Birmingham Essex Eagles won by 5 wickets (DLS method) 11:00
15 July 2023 Somerset vs Surrey Edgbaston, Birmingham Somerset won by 24 runs 14:30
15 July 2023 Somerset vs Essex Eagles Edgbaston, Birmingham Somerset won by 14 runs 18:45 (N)

Point Table

North Group

Pos Team Pld W L T NR Pts NRR
1 Birmingham Bears 14 11 3 0 0 22 0.819
2 Lancashire Lightning 14 8 5 0 1 17 0.427
3 Worcestershire Rapids 14 8 5 1 0 17 0.349
4 Notts Outlaws 14 8 6 0 0 16 -0.222
5 Derbyshire Falcons 14 6 7 1 0 13 0.397
6 Northants Steelbacks 14 6 8 0 0 12 0.274
7 Durham 14 4 7 2 1 11 0.077
8 Yorkshire Vikings 14 6 6 0 2 10 -0.737
9 Leicestershire Foxes 14 2 12 0 0 4 -1.402

South Group

Pos Team Pld W L T NR Pts NRR
1 Somerset 14 12 2 0 0 24 1.460
2 Hampshire Hawks 14 9 5 0 0 18 0.820
3 Surrey 14 8 6 0 0 16 1.192
4 Essex Eagles 14 8 6 0 0 16 0.088
5 Kent Spitfires 14 7 7 0 0 14 0.287
6 Sussex Sharks 14 6 8 0 0 12 -0.871
7 Gloucestershire 14 5 9 0 0 10 -0.993
8 Glamorgan 14 5 9 0 0 10 -1.060
9 Middlesex 14 3 11 0 0 6 -0.932

FAQ

The T20 Blast 2023, also known as the Vitality Blast 2023, took place from 20 May to 15 July 2023 in various venues across England and Wales​.
The T20 Blast 2023 commenced on 20 May with a doubleheader match. Birmingham Bears vs Yorkshire Vikings and Derbyshire Falcons vs Lancashire Lightning at Edgbaston​​.
Somerset clinched the title of T20 Blast 2023, marking their first T20 Blast title since 2005. They won against Essex with a score of 145 to 131 on 15 July 2023​​.
The T20 Blast is a professional Twenty20 cricket league played in England and Wales, operated by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). The 2023 season marked the sixth instance of the competition being branded as the Vitality Blast, owing to sponsorship​​.
The finals were held at Edgbaston, Birmingham, where Somerset emerged victorious against Essex​​.

Conclusion

The T20 Blast 2023 demonstrated a fusion of cricketing proficiency and astute strategizing, as evidenced by the matches held on the 7th and 15th of July. The atmosphere was saturated with a sense of fierce rivalry, as various teams contended for the highly sought-after triumph in every matchup, resulting in a vivid manifestation of athletic prowess and collective camaraderie that embellished the T20 Blast 2023 competition. On the 7th, the cricketing events took place at The County Ground in Taunton and the Rose Bowl in Southampton, binding Somerset and Hampshire Hawks as the triumphant teams over Notts Outlaws and Worcestershire Rapids, each securing a margin of victory of 5 wickets. The demonstrated level of coordination and exceptional performances serve as evidence to the outstanding cricketing prowess exhibited by the teams.

On the date of transition to the 15th of July, the Edgbaston grounds located in Birmingham emerged as a central hub for cricket activity, facilitating the hosting of three matches on that particular day. The triumphant entities of the day resounded in the form of the Essex Eagles, Somerset, and once again Somerset against Essex Eagles. Somerset exhibited a commendable display of skill, securing triumph in two bouts, initially prevailing against Surrey by a margin of 24 runs and subsequently emerging victorious against Essex Eagles with a lead of 14 runs. The employment of the DLS method was instrumental in securing a triumph for Essex Eagles over Hampshire Hawks during a recent encounter, thus exemplifying a captivating exhibition of cricket that encapsulates the definitive essence of competitive spirit and the unyielding quest for success that is emblematic of the T20 Blast tournament. During the progression of these matches, the teams were not solely motivated by the pursuit of triumph, but also made significant contributions to the extensive fabric of cricketing legacy. Each game emerged as an exceptional chronicle encompassing elements of exertion, tactical planning, and accomplishments.